A recent study published in the journal PLOS ONE suggests that ownership of cryptocurrency is associated with “dark tetrad” personality traits. The research, which surveyed 2,001 American adults, found those who own digital currencies often exhibit attributes of narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism.

The study highlighted that the majority of cryptocurrency investors are men who rely on fringe social media sources, believe in conspiracy theories, and feel victimized. In addition, these individuals are often argumentative and have higher incomes.

Specifically, the researchers used demographic data along with questions assessing political, psychological, and social traits to identify characteristics linked with cryptocurrency ownership. The strongest predictor noted was reliance on fringe social media for news.

The research team acknowledged limitations, such as the reliance on self-reported data from a limited sample. Nonetheless, the findings established a compelling correlation, prompting suggestions for further research to explore why individuals are attracted to cryptocurrencies.